I’d Rather Bite My Tongue Off Than Stand with Them: Paralysis of Political Engagement in Serbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v19i1.10Keywords:
antipolitics, moral integrity, paralysis of political engagement, social networks, protestsAbstract
The text analyses how the discursive paralysis of political engagement in Serbia is triggered and manifested, as well as how the elements connected with this paralysis are reproduced and reinforced. We begin with the premise that the discursive paralysis of political engagement interacts with two elements: understanding politics as an inherently immoral field of activity, and the importance placed upon personal moral integrity as an essential personal resource for citizens of Serbia. Based on the empirical data from Facebook comments made on a Serbian news portal, the text analyses and presents two types of strategies used to trigger paralysis, as well as how these comments reproduce and reinforce the very perception of politics as a field of immorality and the significance of moral integrity as a personal resource. Finally, we show how these elements are reproduced independently of one another, outside their particular context of “defence” from attack and “precaution.”
Downloads
References
Androutsopoulos, Jannis. 2008. “Potentials and Limitations of Discourse-Centred Online Ethnography”. Language@Internet, 5. https://jannisandroutsopoulos.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/dcoe-published.pdf
Bilgen, Arda. 2019. “Is Development the Continuation of ‘Anti-politics’ by Other Means? An Investigation Based on the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) in Turkey”. Forum for Development Studies 46 (3): 401-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2019.1593239
Brujić, Marija. 2020. “‘Stick Without a Carrot’: An Anthropological Analysis of the Daily Press on Mandatory MMR Immunization in Serbia”. Etnoantropološki Problemi / Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 15 (4): 979–1006. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i4.2
Bush, Daniel. 2020. “Fighting like a lion for Serbia: An analysis of government-linked influence operations in Serbia”. Technical report, Stanford Internet Observatory Cyber Policy Center. https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/serbia_march_twitter.pdf
Delibašić, Balša, Sara Nikolić and Jelena Vasiljević. 2019. Demokratizacija odozdo: formiranje i delovanje društvenih pokreta u Srbiji i Makedoniji. Beograd, Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju i Centar za etiku, pravo i primenjenu filozofiju. https://rifdt.instifdt.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1946
Đorđević, Saša. 2020. Spontani protest i postupanje policije. Belgrade: Beogradski centar za bezbednosnu politiku. https://bezbednost.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Spontani-protest-i-postupanje-policije.pdf
Emerson Robert, Rachel Fretz and Linda Shaw. 2011. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Eyal, Gil, Ivan Szelenyi and Eleanor R. Townsley. 2001. Making Capitalism Without Capitalists: Class Formation and Elite Struggles in Post-Communist Central Europe. London: Verso.
Eyal, Gil. 2000. “Anti-politics and the spirit of capitalism: Dissidents, monetarists, and the Czech transition to capitalism”. Theory and Society 29 (1): 49–92. https://doi.org/10.7916/kd2d-fm69
Fiket, Irena and Gazela Pudar Draško. 2021. “Possibility of non-institutional political participation within the non-responsive system of Serbia: The impact of (dis)trust and internal political efficiency”. Sociologija 63 (2): 400-418. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2102400F
Fiket, Irena, Gazela Pudar Draško & Milan Urošević. 2022. “Anti-politics as ‘culture of rejection’: the case of Serbia”. Patterns of Prejudice 56 (4-5), 279-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2023.2228575
Fiket, Irena, Marjan Ivković, Gazela Pudar Draško and Jelena Vasiljević. 2019. “The Discourse Of Anti-Instrumentalism: Exploring A Conceptual Model Through The Case Study Of The We Won’t Let Belgrade D(R)Own Initiative“. Partecipatione e Conflicto 12 (3): 898-918. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v12i3p898
Fiket, Irena, Zoran Pavlović and Gazela Pudar Draško. 2017. Političke orijentacije građana Srbije: Kartografija nemoći [Political orientations of citizens of Serbia: Cartography of impotence]. Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. https://rifdt.instifdt.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1718
Freedom House. 2022. From Democratic Decline to Authoritarian Aggression. Nations in Transit. https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2022/from-democratic-decline-to-authoritarian-aggression.
Gilbert, Andrew, Jessica Greenberg, Elissa Helms and Stef Jansen. 2008. “Reconsid ering Postsocialism from the Margins of Europe: Hope, Time and Normalcy in Post-Yugoslav Societies”. Anthropology News 49 (8): 10-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/an.2008.49.8.10
Glaser, Barney and Anselm Strauss. 2012 (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. London: Aldine Transaction. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206
Golubović, Zagorka. ed. 2007. Politika i svakodnevni život III: probuđene nade, izneverena očekivanja. Belgrade: Fondacija Heinrich Böll. https://rs.boell.org/sites/default/files/booklet_final.pdf
Greenberg, Jessica. 2010. “’There’s Nothing Anyone Can Do about It’: Participation, Apathy, and ‘Successful’ Democratic Transition in Postsocialist Serbia”. Slavic Review 69 (1): 41–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0037677900016697
Ilić, Vladimira. 2014. “Empatija kao strategija premošćavanja jaza između političara i stanovništva Srbije”. Etnoantropološki problemi 9 (4):955-76. https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v9i4.8
Jansen, Stef. 2020. Čežnja u međuvremenu. Beograd: XX vek.
Jarić, Isidora and Ivana Živadinović 2012a. “Politička aktivnost mladih [The Political Activity of the Youth]”. In Mladi – naša sadašnjost. Istraživanje socijalnih biografija mladih u Srbiji, edited by Smiljka Tomanović et al., 183-198. Belgrade: Čigoja i Institut za sociološka istraživanja.
Jarić, Isidora and Ivana Živadinović 2012b. “Socijalni aktivizam kao oblik političkog angažmana [Social Activism as a Form of Political Engagement]”. In Mladi – naša sadašnjost. Istraživanje socijalnih biografija mladih u Srbiji, edited by Smiljka Tomanović et al., 199-210. Belgrade: Čigoja i Institut za sociološka istraživanja.
Jarić, Isidora. 2005. “U kandžama izneverenih očekivanja [In the Jaws of Dashed Expectations]”. Filozofija i društvo 27 (2): 75–87.
Jovanović, Milan and Dušan Vučićević, ed. 2021. Kako, koga i zašto smo birali: Izbori u Srbiji 1990-2020 godine. Belgrade: Službeni glasnik.
Kapidžić, Damir. 2020. “The rise of illiberal politics in Southeast Europe”. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20 (1): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2020.1709701
Keller, Franziska B., David Schoch, Sebastian Stier and Jung Hwan Yang. 2019. “Political Astroturfing on Twitter: How to Coordinate a Disinformation Campaign”. Political Communication 37 (2): 256-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2019.1661888
Kleut, Jelena. 2020. Ja (ni)sam bot: Komentari čitalaca kao žanr participacije u digitalnom prostoru. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
Kmezić, Marko and Florian Bieber. 2017. “The Crisis of Democracy in the Western Balkans. An Anatomy of Stabilitocracy and the Limits of EU Democracy”. BiEPAG Policy Study. https://biepag.eu/publications/the-crisis-of-democracy-in-the-western-balkans-an-anatomy-of-stabilitocracy-and-thelimits-of-eu-democracy-promotion/
Kolind, Torsten. 2008. Post-War Identification. Everyday Muslim Counterdiscourse in Bosnia Herzegovina. Aarhus, Aarhus University Press.
Kovic, Marko, Adrian Rauchfleisch, Marc Sele and Christian Caspar. 2018. “Digital Astroturfing in Politics: Definition, Typology, and Countermeasures”. Studies in Communication Sciences 18 (1): 69-85. https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2018.01.005
Kurtović, Larisa. 2015. “Who sows hunger, reaps rage’: On protest, indignation and redistributive justice in post-Dayton Bosnia-Herzegovina.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 15 (4): 639-659. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1126095
Kurtović, Larisa. 2019. “Interpellating the state”. American Ethnologist 46: 444-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12838
Kurtović, Larisa. 2021. “When the “People” Leave: On the Limits of Nationalist (Bio)Politics in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina.” Nationalities Papers 49 (5): 873-92. https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.42
Lazić, Mladen. 2011. Čekajući kapitalizam. Belgrade: Službeni glasnik.
Lutovac, Zoran. 2017. Građani Srbije i populizam: javno mnjenje Srbije 2017. Belgrade: Institut društvenih nauka.
Marks, Karl. 1979. Kapital: Kritika političke ekonomije I-III. Belgrade: Prosveta.
Mete, Vittorio. 2010. “Four types of antipolitics: Insights from the Italian case.” Modern Italy 15 (1): 37-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13532940903477872
Mihailović, Srećko. 2010. “Priča o tranziciji ili naracija o našim beskrajnim menama [A story of transition or a narrative of our endless vicissitudes]”. In Kako građani Srbije vide tranziciju I, edited by Srećko Mihailović, 7-28. Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Centar za studije socijalne demokratije and CeSID.
Orlović, Slaviša. 2017. “Prezidencijalizacija partija u Srbiji [Presidentializationof Parties in Serbia]”. Politički život 14: 7-25.
Orlović, Slaviša. 2020. “Pad demokratije i redukcija ljudskih prava i sloboda u vreme pandemije: slučaj Srbija.” Politički život 18: 81-99.
Pešić, Jelena. 2017a. “Political participation of the participants in the protests against dictatorship”. Sociologija 59 (4): 452–475. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC1704452P
Pešić, Jelena. 2017b. Promena vrednosnih orijentacija u postsocijalističkim društvima Srbije i Hrvatske: politički i ekonomski liberalizam. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu-Filozofski fakultet, Institut za sociološka istraživanja.
Petrović, Dalibor. 2018. “Digital platforms as means of political propaganda: The case of the protest Against dictatorship fake Facebook page”. CM: Communication and Media 13: 5-34. https://doi.org/10.5937/comman13-20613
Pišev, Marko, Bojan Žikić and Mladen Stajić. 2020. “Indeks korona: simbolička upotreba kovida-19 u javnom govoru Srbije” [Index ‘Corona’: Symbolic Employment of COVID-19 in the Public Discourse in Serbia]. Etnoantropološki Problemi / Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 15 (3): 845–877. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i3.9
Pudar Draško, Gazela, Irena Fiket and Jelena Vasiljević 2019. “Big dreams and small steps: comparative perspectives on the social movement struggle for democracy in Serbia and North Macedonia”. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20 (1): 199-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1654317
Rajković, Ivan. 2017. “Concern for the state:‘normality’, state effect and distributional claims in Serbia”. Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 65 (1): 31-45. https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1701031R
Santini, Rose Marie, Larissa Agostini, Carlos Eduardo Barros, Danilo Carvalho, Rafael Centeno de Rezende, Debora G. Salles, Kenzo Seto, Camyla Terra and Giulia Tucci. 2018. “Software power as soft power. A literature review on computational propaganda effects in public opinion and political process“. Partecipazione e conflitto 11(2): 332-360. https://doi.org./10.1285/i20356609v11i2p332
Schmitt, Carl. 2007 (1929) The Concept of the Political. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
Simendić, Marko. 2022. “Predstavljanje i njegove granice: protesti protiv policijskog časa 2020. godine.” Sociologija 64 (2): 248-271. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2202248S
Simić, Marina. 2016. “Moral (Dis)order and Social Anomie: Concepts of Commnity and Society in Post-Socialist Serbia”. Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU LXIV (1): 93-105. . https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1601093S
Skågeby, Jörgen. 2011 “Online ethnographic methods: towards a qualitative understanding of virtual community practices.” In Handbook of research on methods and techniques for studying virtual communities: Paradigms and phenomena, edited by Ben Kei Daniel, 410-428. Hershey: IGI Global.
Spasić, Ivana. 2005. “Politika i svakodnevni život u Srbiji 2005: Odnos prema političkoj sferi, promena društvenog poretka, javnost [Politics and Everyday Life in Serbia in 2005: Relation to the Political Sphere, Changes in Social Order and the Public]”. Filozofija i društvo 27 (2): 45–74.
Spasić, Ivana. 2007. “Pouke razočaranih birača – politička apstinencija [Lessons from Disaffected Voters – Political Abstinence]”. In Politika i svakodnevni život III: probuđene nade, izneverena očekivanja, edited by Zagorka Golubović. Belgrade: Fondacija Heinrich Böll.
Spasić, Ivana. 2013. Kultura na delu: društvena transformacija Srbije iz burdijeovske perspektive. Belgrade: Fabrika knjiga.
Torcal, Mariano. 2006. “Political disaffection and democratization history in new democracies”. In Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies: Social capital, institutions, and politics, edited by Mariano Torcal and José Ramón Montero, 157-189. London and New York: Routledge.
Touquet, Heleen. 2015. “Non-ethnic Mobilisation in Deeply Divided Societies, the Case of the Sarajevo Protests”. Europe-Asia Studies 67 (3): 388-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1019430
Vasiljević, Jelena. 2021. “Solidarity Reasoning and Citizenship Agendas: From Socialist Yugoslavia to Neoliberal Serbia.” East European Politics and Societies 35 (2): 271-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325420923023
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.