Teorijska usmerenost i validnost kod posmatranja u sociologiji i antropologiji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v9i2.2Ključne reči:
posmatranje, validnost, kvalitativna i kvantitativna orijentacija, analitička indukcijaApstrakt
U napisu se razmatraju tesno povezana pitanja teorijske usmerenosti i validnosti pri primeni metoda posmatranja u sociologiji i antropologiji. Ovom članku prethodio je tekst u kojem su razmotrena pitanja zadovoljavanja načela objektivnosti, sistematičnosti i pouzdanosti pri primeni posmatranja kao istraživačkog postupka. Opštiji problem odnosa teorije i istraživanja pri primeni posmatranja biće analiziran u narednom tekstu.
U uvodnom odeljku pokazuje se opšti okvir hipotetičko-deduktivnog shvatanja nauke i uloga metoda posmatranja u ovom kontekstu. U narednom odeljku napisa analizira se nastojanje da se pronađu opovrgavajući slučajevi i razmatraju se granice postupka analitičke indukcije. Ovaj odeljak bavi se uticajem analize podataka u kvalitativnom obliku dobijenih (najčešće učesničkim) posmatranjem i izgradnje objašnjenja na validnost posmatranja. Naredni odeljak članka pokazuje mogućnost povećanja validnosti posmatranja pomoću uključivanja drugih izvora i načina prikupljanja podataka. U zaključnom odeljku pokazuje se uticaj prenaglašavanja epistemoloških razlika između kvalitativne i kvantitativne orijentacije u sociologiji i antropologiji na mogućnost povećavanja validnosti posmatranja kao istraživačkog postupka.
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