Esclavage antique dans les Balkans centraux: points de départ sur la période pré-romaine
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v17i3.7Mots-clés :
esclavage, Balkans centraux, second âge du fer, sources écrites antiques, données archéologiques, « communautés à petite échelle »Résumé
Cet article discute des approches et des interprétations précédentes de l’esclavage dans l’Antiquité dans le cadre de l’historiographie et de l’archéologie nationale (yougoslave et serbe). On étudie les points de vue théoriques et méthodologiques sur les questions de l’existence de l’esclavage et les moyens de traiter de ce problème sur la base du matériel historique et archéologique. Les Balkans centraux, tels que définis par Fanula Papazoglu (1969) et ensuite largement acceptés dans l’historiographie et l’archéologie proto-antique et antique nationale, sont considérés comme le déterminant spatial dans le texte. La limite temporelle qui régit le texte couvre la période entre le IVe siècle AEC (qui marque le début du second âge du fer) jusqu’à la fin de l’ère ancienne et le début de l’ère commune (lorsque l’empire romain règne sur les Balkans centraux). La frontière entre ces deux époques est également importante du point de vue de l’étude de l’esclavage : alors qu’on suppose le plus souvent que les « tribus » pré-romaines n’avaient pas d’institutions ayant été courantes dans les « civilisations » antiques en raison de leur développement social, économique et culturel inférieur, et que, par conséquent, ils ne connaissaient pas l’esclavage, la période romaine est considérée comme une époque où l’esclavage était une pratique sociale habituelle. Pour cette raison il est important de se demander si les communautés laténiennes connaissaient l’institution de l’esclavage ou si elle était introduite avec l’établissement de la structure romaine provinciale, ce qui à son tour déclenche de nombreuses implications. L’article s’intéresse d’abord aux interprétations précédentes de l’esclavage parmi les soi-disant « tribus » (pré-romains) des Balkans centraux du point de vue des sources écrites et attire l’attention sur le fait que ce sujet a été traité de manière incidente et sans intérêt majeur, entre autres à cause du manque des données de la littérature antique. Ensuite, le texte se tourne vers l’interprétation précédente de l’esclavage proto-antique de la perspective archéologique et souligne que la question de recherche mentionnée n’a pas été abordée systématiquement même au sein cette discipline.
Téléchargements
Références
Arnold, Betina. 1988. „Slavery in Late Prehistoric Europe: Recovering the Evidence for Social Structure in Iron Age Society“. In Tribe and Polity in Late Prehistoric Europe, edited by D. Blair Gibson and Michael N. Geselowitz, 179–192. New York: Plenum Press.
Avram, Alexandru. 2007. „Some Thoughts about the Black Sea and the Slave Trade before the Roman Domination (6th–1st Centuries BC)“. In The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges (Black Sea Studies 6), edited by Vincent Gabrielsen and John Lund, 239–251. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
Babić, Staša. 2002. „Still innocent after all these years? – Sketches for a social history of archaeology in Serbia“. In Archäologien Europas: Geschichte, Methoden und Theorien/ Archeologies of Europe: History, Methods and Theories, edited by Peter F. Biehl, Alexander Gramsch and Arkadiusz Marciniak, 309–322. Tübinger Archäologische Taschenbücher 3. Münster: Waxmann.
Babić, Staša and Aleksandar, Palavestra. 1999. „Northern Serbia in the Second Half of the First Millenium BC – Socio-economic Aspects“. In Le Djerdap/Les Portes de fer à la deuxième moitié du premier millénaire av. J. Ch. jusqu´aux guerres Daciques: Kolloquium in Kladovo– Drobeta-Turnu Severin (September–Oktober 1998), edited by Miloje Vasić, 28–33. Beograd: Jugoslawisch-Rumänische Kommission für die Erforschung der Region des Eisernen Tores.
Baryshnikov Anton Y. 2020. „The dictatorship of identity: Soviet scholarship and Roman imperialism“. In: Community and Identity at the Edges of the Classical World, edited by Aaron W. Irvin, 255–270. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119630746.ch15
Benac, Alojz ed. 1987. Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja V, željezno doba [The Prehistory of Yugoslav Lands V, Iron Age]. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine.
Berisha, Milot. 2012. Archaeological Guide of Kosovo. Pristina: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport and Archaeological Institute of Kosovo.
Bodel, John and Walter, Scheidel eds. 2017. On Human Bondage: After Slavery and Social Death. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Bradley, Keith and Paul, Cartledge eds. 2011. The Cambridge World History of Slavery, Volume 1: The Ancient Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Braund, David. 2011. „The slave supply in classical Greece“. In: The Cambridge World History of Slavery, Volume 1: The Ancient Mediterranean World, edited by Keith Bradley and Paul Cartledge eds, 112–133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1
Budimir, Milan. 1929. „Antički stanovnici Vojvodine I. Amantini“. Glasnik Istoriskog društva u Novom Sadu 2: 165–175. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Budimir, Milan. 1930. „Antički stanovnici Vojvodine II. Breuci“. Glasnik Istoriskog društva u Novom Sadu 3: 10–21. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Budimir, Milan. 1937. „O etničkom odnosu Dardanaca prema Ilirima“. Jugoslovenski istoriski časopis 3(1–4): 1–29. (in Serbian)
Budimir, Milan. 1949. „O dardanskim kmetovima“. Glasnik Srpske akademije nauka 1: 262–263. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Cameron, Catherine M. 2017. „Slavery and Freedom in Small-Scale Societies“. In On Human Bondage: After Slavery and Social Death, edited by John Bodel, and Walter Scheidel, 210–225. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Cameron, Catherine M. 2018. „The Nature of Slavery in Small Scale Societies“. In: What Is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective, edited by Noel Lenski and Catherine M. Cameron, 151–168. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316534908.006
Crawford, Michael H. 1977. „Republican Denarii in Romania: The Suppression of Piracy and the Slave-Trade“. The Journal of Roman Studies 67: 117¬–124. https://doi.org/10.2307/299923
Džino, Danijel. 2011. „Indigenous communities of the western and central Balkan Peninsula and the 21st century: methodological problem“. Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja ANUBiH 40: 197–206. (in Bosnian with an English summary)
Đurić, N., J. Glišič and J. Todorović. 1975. Praistorijska Romaja/Romaja parahistorike/The Prehistoric Necropolis Romaja. Prizren i Beograd: Zavod za urbanizam i zaštitu spomenika kulture i prirode Prizren i Savez arheoloških društava Jugoslavije. (in Serbian and Albanian with an English summary)
Finley, Moses I. 1962. „The Black Sea and Danubian Regions and the Slave Trade in Antiquity“. Klio 40: 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1524/klio.1962.40.jg.51
Finley, Moses I. 1980. Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. New York: The Viking Press.
Gronenborn, Detlef. 2001. „Zum (möglichen) Nachweis von Sklaven/Unfreien in prähistorischen Gesellschaften Mitteleuropas“. Ethnographisch Archäologische Zeitschrift 42: 1–42.
Harrison, Thomas. 2019. „Classical Greek Ethnography and the Slave Trade“. Classical Antiquity 38(1): 36–57.
https://doi.org/10.1525/ca.2019.38.1.36
Jankulov, Borislav. 1940. „Halštatska i latenska nalazišta u Vojvodini“. Glasnik Istoriskog društva u Novom Sadu 13: 225–250. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Jovanović, Borislav. 2018. Early La Tène Pećine Necropolic. Belgrade: Institute of Archaeology.
Jovanović, Borislav and Marija, Jovanović. 1988: Gomolava: Late La Tène Settlement. Novi Sad and Belgrade: Museum of Vojvodina and Archeological Institute. (in Serbian with an English summary)
Kull, Brigitte. 1991. „Latènefunde“. In Vorbericht über die jugoslawisch-deutschen Ausgrabungen in der Siedlung von Feudvar bei Mošorin (Gem. Titel, Vojvodina) von 1986-1990, hrgs. Bernhard Hänsel und Predrag Medović, 151‒164. Mainz: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission 72.
Laurence, Ray. 2012. Roman Archaeology for Historians. New York: Routledge.
Lenski, Noel. 2009. „Captivity, Slavery, and Cultural Exchange between Rome and the Germans from the First to the Seventh Century CE.“ In Invisible Citizens: Captives and Their Consequences, edited by Catherine M. Cameron, 80–109. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
Lenski, Noel. 2018. „Framing the Question: What Is a Slave Society?“. In: What Is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective, edited by Noel Lenski and Catherine M. Cameron, 15–57. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316534908.002
Lenski, Noel and Catherine M., Cameron eds. 2018. What Is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316534908
Lovejoy, Paul E. 2018. „Slavery in Societies on the Frontiers of Centralized States in West Africa“. In: What Is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective, edited by Noel Lenski and Catherine M. Cameron, 220–250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ljuština, Marija. 2010. „The Late Hallstatt Communities in the Serbian Part of the Danube Basin“. In Iron Age Communities of the Carpathian Basin. Proceedings of the International Colloquium from Târgu Mureş, 9–11 October 2009, edited by Sandor Berecki, 59–78. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega.
Lockyear, Kris. 2004. ,,The Late Iron Age background to Roman Dacia“. In Roman Dacia: the making of a Provincial Society, edited by W. S. Hanson and I. P. Haynes, 33–74. Portsmouth, Rhode Island: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies.
Mata, Karim. 2019. Iron Age Slaving and Enslavement in Northwest Europe. Oxford: Archeopress.
Medović, Predrag. 2007. Stubarlija: nekropola naselja Feudvar. Novi Sad: Muzej Vojvodine.
Mihajlović, Vladimir D. 2014a. „Tracing ethnicity backwards: the case of the ‘Central Balkan Tribes’“. In Fingerprinting the Iron Age: Approaches to identity in the European Iron Age. Integrating South-Eastern Europe into the debate, edited by Catalin N. Popa and Simon Stoddart, 97–107. Oxford: Oxbow books.
Mihajlović, Vladimir D. 2014b. „‘Objects in action’: Towards the anthropology of exchange of Roman bronze vessels in the middle Danube region.“ In The Edges of the Roman World, edited by Marko A. Janković, Vladimir D. Mihajlović and Staša Babić, 194–218. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Mihajlović, Vladimir, D. 2018a. „Roman imperialism and the construction of Dardanian collectivity“. In Reflections of Roman Imperialisms, edited by Marko A. Janković and Vladimir D. Mihajlović, 181‒213. Newcastle u. T.: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Mihajlović, Vladimir, D. 2018b. „Do warrior burials make a martial society? Reconsideration of the late Iron Age Karaburma necropolis (Danube-Sava confluence)“. In Violence in Prehistory and Antiquity, edited by Eduard Nemeth, 39‒67. Kaiserslautern und Mehlingen: Parthenon Verlag.
Mihajlović, Vladimir D. 2019. The Scordisci between Ancient and Modern Interpretations: a Question of Identity in (Proto)History. Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy. (in Serbian with an English summary)
Mihajlović, V. D. 2020. „Confusing Iron Ages: Communities of the middle Danube region between ‘tribal hierarchy’ and heterarchy“. In: Alternative Iron Ages: Social Theory from Archaeological Analysis, edited by Brais X. Currás and Inés Sastre, 218–256. London: Routledge.
Milosavljević, Monika. 2020. The Dawn of Archaeology. Serbian Archaeology and the Genesis of its Cultural-historical Approach. Beograd: Dosije studio. (in Serbian with an English summary)
Mirdita, Zef. 2015. Dardanci i Dardanija u antici. Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest. (in Croatian)
Moreland, John. 2001. Archaeology and Text. London: Duckworth.
Novaković, Predrag. 2021. The History of Archaeology in the Western Balkans. Ljubljana: Filozofska Fakulteta.
Palavestra, Aleksandar and Staša, Babić. 2016. „False Analogy: Transfer of Theories and Methods in Archaeology (The Case of Serbia)”. Journal of European Archaeology 19/2: 316–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14619571.2016.1147314
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1969. Srednjobalkanska plemena u prerimsko doba: Tribali, Autarijati, Dardanci, Skordisci i Mezi. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja.
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1978. The Central Balkan Tribes in pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1988. „Les royaumes d'Illyrie et de Dardanie : origines et développement, structures, hellénisation et romanisation“. In Les Illyriens et les Albanais, edited by Milutin Garašanin, 145–199. Beograd: SANU.
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1993. „Esclavage et Dépendance, ‘Demi-Liberté’, ‘Halfway Statuses’“. Illinois Classical Studies 18: 31–38.
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1995. „Sur la condition des hilotes affranchis.“ Historia 44: 370–375.
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1997a. „Su la dépendance rurale et l’eslavage collectif dans la partie centrale des Balkans“. In Antidoron Dragoslavo Srejović, edited Miroslav Lazić, 353–358. Belgrade: Centre for Archaelogical Research, Faculty of Philosophy. (in Serbian Cyrillic with a French summary)
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1997b. „Sur les populations assujetties chez les Ardiéens et les Dardaniens“. Godišnjak ANUBIH 30: 97–104. (in Bosnian with a French summary)
Papazoglu, Fanula. 1997c. Laoi et paroikoi: recherches sur la structure de la société hellénistique. Beograd: Centre d'études épigraphiques et numismatiques de la Faculté de Philosophie de l'Université.
Patterson, Orlando. 2017. „Revisiting Slavery, Property, and Social Death“. In On Human Bondage: After Slavery and Social Death, edited by John Bodel, and Walter Scheidel, 265–296. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Popović, Petar. 1987. Le monnayage des Scordisques. Beograd et Novi Sad: Institut Archéologique de Beograd et Matica Srpska.
Popović, P. 1988: „Nalazi novca iz latenskog naselja na Gomolavi/Finds of Coins“. In Gomolava: late La Tène settlement, edited by Borislav Jovanović and Marija Jovanović, 101‒104, 203–205. Novi Sad and Belgrade: Museum of Vojvodina and Archeological Institute.
Popović, Petar. 1992. ,,The Scordisci from the fall of Macedonia to the Roman conquest“. In Scordisci and the Autochthons: Scordisci and the native Population in the Middle Danube Region, edited by Nikola Tasić, 35‒52. Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies.
Popović, Petar. 2006. „Central Balkans between the Greek and Celtic worlds: case study Kale-Krševica“. In Homage to Milutin Garašanin, edited by Nikola Tasić and Cvetan Grozdanov, 523–536. Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Popović, Petar. 2012. „Central Balkans between Greek and Celtic worlds“. In Central Balkans between Greek and Celtic worlds: Kale-Krševica 2001–2011, edited by Tatjana Cvjetićanin, 10–51. Belgrade: National Museum in Belgrade.
Radišić, Teodora P. 2022. Economy of South Pannonian Danube Area in the Late La Tène Period: Archaeozoological Approach, PhD Thesis. Belgrade: University of Belgrade.
Redfern, Rebecca. 2020. „Iron Age ‘Predatory Landscapes’: A Bioarchaeological and Funerary Exploration of Captivity and Enslavement in Britain“. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30(4): 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774320000062
Robertshaw, Peter and William L. Duncan. 2008. „African Slavery: Archaeology and Decentralized Societies“. In In Invisible Citizens: Captives and Their Consequences, edited by Catherine M. Cameron, 57–79. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
Santos-Granero, Fernando. 2018. „Slavery as Structure, Process, or Lived Experience, or Why Slave Societies Existed in Precontact Tropical America“. In: What Is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective, edited by Noel Lenski and Catherine M. Cameron, 191–219. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316534908.008
Shukriu, Edi. 2008. „Prehistory and Antique History of Kosova.“ Thesis Kosova 1: 5–28.
Snyder, Christina. 2018. „Native American Slavery in Global Context“. In: What Is a Slave Society? The Practice of Slavery in Global Perspective, edited by Noel Lenski and Catherine M. Cameron, 169–189. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316534908.007
Stan, Marius Grigore. 2014. „The Phenomenon of roman Republican coinage in Pre-Roman Dacia. A Rexamination of the Evidence“. Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology 1/4: 44–67. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14795/j.v1i4.90
Stojić, Milorad. 2011. „Triballi in archaeology and historical sources“. Zbornik Matice srpske za klasične studije 13: 253–282.
Šašel Kos, Marjeta. 2005. Appian and Illyricum. Ljubljana: Narodni muzej Slovenije.
Tasić, Nikola. 1974. „Starije gvozdeno doba“. U Bogdan Brukner, Borislav Jovanović i Nikola Tasić Praistorija Vojvodine, 257–276. Novi Sad: Institut za izučavanje istorije Vojvodine i Savez arheoloških društava Jugoslavije.
Tasić, Nikola. 1998. „The Iron Age“. In The Archaeological Treasures of Kosovo and Metohija: from the Neolithic to the Early Middle Ages, edited by Nikola Tasić, 152–225. Belgrade: Gallery of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Taylor, Timothy. 2001. „Believing the ancients: Quantitative and qualitative dimensions of slavery and the slave trade in later prehistoric Eurasia“. World Archaeology 33(1): 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240120047618
Taylor, Timothy. 2021. „The Arrogation of Slavery: Prehistory, Archaeology, and Pre-theoretical Commitments Concerning People as Property“. In The Archaeology of Slavery in Early Medieval Northern Europe: The Invisible Commodity, edited by Felix Biermann and Marek Jankowiak, 9–21. Cham: Springer and European Association of Archaeologists.
Todorović, Jovan. The Prehistoric Karaburma I. The Necropolis of the Later Iron Age. Beograd: Muzej grada Beograda.
Todorović, Jovan. 1974. The Skordisci: history and culture. Novi Sad and Beograd: Institut za izučavanje istorije Vojvodine i Savez arheoloških društava ugoslavije. (in Serbian with an English summary)
Truhelka, Ćiro. „Arheološke beleške iz Južne Srbije (8. Dardanci)“. Glasnik Skopskog naučnog društva 7: 65–69. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Trbuhović, Vojislav and Leposava, Trbuhović. 1970. Donja Toponica: Dardanian and Slavic necropolis. Prokuplje and Belgrade: National Museum of Toplica and Archaeological Institute. (in Serbian with an English summary).
Tzochev, Chavdar. 2015. „Trade“. In A Companion to Ancient Thrace, edited by Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov and Denver Graninger, 412–425. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878248.ch27
Ujes, Dubravka. 2002. „Coins of the Macedonian Kingdom in the Interior of Balkans. Their Inflow and Use in the Territory of the Scordisci“. Histoire & Mesure 17/3–4: 7–41.
Ujes, Dubravka. 2003. „Late Classical and Hellenistic Coins in the Territory of Serbia“. Zbornik Matice srpske za klasične studije 4–5 (2002–2003): 165–171. (Serbian Cyrillic with an English summary)
Ujes-Morgan, D. 2012. „1st Century BC Drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium in the Territory of the Scordisci. A Prologue to the Roman Conquest of the Balkans“. In: HPAKΛEOYΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ ΘAΣIΩN: Studia in honorem Iliae Prokopov sexagenario ab amicis et discipulis dedicata, edited by Evgeni Paunov and Svetoslava Filipova, 367‒387. Tirnovi: Faber Publishers.
Ujes Morgan, Dubravka. 2018. „Damastion - its foundation and the beginning of its coinage“. Numizmatičke vijesti 71: 22–39.
Vasić, Rastko. 2004. „Notes on Glasinac – the Autariatae“. Balcanica 35: 35–49. (In Serbian Cyrillic with an English summary)
Vranić, Ivan. 2012. The interrelations between the central Balkans and the Aegean in the fourth and third century BC: Kale Krševica case study, PhD dissertation. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy. (in Serbian Cyrillic with an English abstract)
Vranić, Ivan. 2018. „Interpreting Iron Age violence or violent nature of archaeological narratives? The case of Kale-Krševica (south-eastern Serbia)“. In: Violence in Prehistory and Antiquity, edited by Eduard Nemeth, 39‒67. Kaiserslautern und Mehlingen: ParthenonVerlag.
Vranić, Ivan. 2019. „A barrel-vaulted reservoir at Kale-Krševica: hydraulic technology and Iron Age ‘Hellenisation’ in Serbia“. Antiquity 93(367): 144–162. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.163
Vranić, Ivan. 2022. Hellenisation in a new Key. Belgrade: Institute of Archaeology and National Museum of Serbia. (Serbian Cyrillic with an English summary)
Vulić, Nikola. 1901. „Današnja Srbija pod Rimljanima“. Prosvetni glasnik 22/ br. 9, 10, 12: 1124–1137, 1304–1319, 1597–1623. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Vulić, Nikola. 1907. „Oktavijanov ilirski rat i izgnanje Skordiska iz Gornje Mezije“. Glas Srpske kraljevske akademije 72/ drugi razred 44: 1–36. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Vulić, Nikola. 1910. „Prilozi k istoriji današnje Srbije u rimsko doba“. Glas Srpske kraljevske akademije 82/ drugi razred 49: 40–100. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Vulić, Nikola. 1926a. „Nekoliko pitanja iz antičke prošlosti naše zemlje (Narodnost Peonaca)“. Glas Srpske kraljevske akademije 121/ drugi razred 66: 1–20. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Vulić, Nikola. 1926b. „Nekoliko pitanja iz antičke prošlosti naše zemlje (Kelti u našoj zemlji)“. Glas Srpske kraljevske akademije 121/ drugi razred 66: 73–89. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Vulić, Niкola. 1926c. „Les Celtes dans le nord des Balкans“. Le Musée Belge 30: 231–243.
Vulić, Nikola. 1938. „Najstarija umetnost naše zemlje“. Srpski književni glasnik 53: 377–388. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Vulić, Nikola. 1939. „Vojvodina u rimsko doba“. U: Vojvodina I: od najstarijih vremena do velike seobe, uredio Dušan J. Popović, 61–80. Novi Sad: Istorisko društvo u Novom Sadu. (in Serbian Cyrillic)
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.
ERIH PLUS - European Reference Index for the Humanities
World Cat
AnthroSerbia
