Connaissances et pratiques indigènes dans la gestion de l’anémie des cellules en forme de faucille chez les Yoruba dans l'état d’Osun au Nigeria
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v14i2.6Mots-clés :
ethnomédecine, anémie des cellules en forme de faucille, abiku, herbesRésumé
Cette étude est une évaluation ethnologique et anthropologique de l'approche indigène dans la gestion de l'anémie des cellules en forme de faucille parmi les Yoruba au Nigéria du Sud-Ouest. J’ai adopté les méthodes qualitatives (l'interview orale, enquête auprès des intervenants clé) pour obtenir des données primaires de la part des interrogés. Les méthodes d’échantillonnage aléatoire, d’échantillonnage dirigé et d’échantillonnage en boule de neige ont été utilisées pour sélectionner le contexte de l'étude et de la population interrogée. À l'aide des types d’échantillons cités ci-dessus, quarante quatre individus ont en tout été interrogés. La population interrogée englobait les herboristes, le clergé chrétien et musulman, en même temps principaux pourvoyeurs de soins à des individus vivant avec l'anémie des cellules en forme de faucille. Les données recueillies sont analysées à l’aide des synthèses ethnographiques et des logiciels a code source ouvert. L'analyse a commencé par la transcription, puis la vérification et la comparaison des informations recueillies. Certaines déclarations importantes des interrogés ont été littéralement rapportées lors des sessions IDI i KII, pour une meilleure illustration des questions traitées. Les résultats de l'étude ont dévoilé que la perception et la gestion de l'anémie des cellules en forme de faucille sont sous une grande influence des rapports interhumains. Les phytothérapies, les soins fondés sur la foi, les prédictions et les médicaments faits maison, ont été mieux reçus dans les régions rurales. Les résultats montrent ensuite la perspicacité des Africains lors de l'utilisation des guérisons ethnomédicales et spirituelles dans le dépassement des crises en apparence infinies et des douleurs pénibles dans de tels troubles. La seule existence des approches particulières dans le traitement des cas d'anémie des cellules en forme de faucille et du phénomène „abiku”, puis de leur efficacité, montre la faiblesse de la „théorie de la perception fausse” et le besoin d'une compréhension supplémentaire des méthodes indigènes dans le processus de traitement.
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