Le modèle nordique de la blancheur et de l’exceptionnalisme : la représentation d’altérité dans certains cinéma et la télévision nordique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v14i4.9Mots-clés :
Nordic whiteness, Nordic exceptionalism, colourblind society, racial identity, internal and external Otherness, Nordic film and televisionRésumé
La race est une question controversée dans le Nord global, en particulier dans les milieux qui se déclarent comme post-raciaux, ça veut dire indifférents à la couleur, bien qu’ils soient, en réalité, principalement blancs. Cela paraît être en particulier applicable aux pays nordiques où les notions d’égalité et de solidarité sont centrales pour le sentiment collectif d’identité, alors que le discours racial est proscrit. Comme la race est réduite à quelque chose de fictif, il est pratiquement impossible de parler ouvertement d’elle dans sociétés nordiques. C’est la raison pour laquelle cet article traite de la représentation d’altérité – interne et externe – dans le cinéma et la télévision nordique. En partant des notions étroitement liées à la blancheur nordique et à l’exceptionnalisme nordique (Nordic exceptionalism), l’article est basé sur l’appareil catégorial des études postcoloniales. Ce qui est l’hypothèse principale, c’est que l’hétéro-image largement répandue de la région nordique comme société ouverte, tolérante et libre, est opposée à la représentation de l’identité de l’autre, que donne le cinéma et la télévision, où les préjuges, le racisme et le paternalisme envers la population non blanche (et en particulier l’immigration non blanche) sont révélés. Ce qui est le but de l’article c’est de présenter comment le cinéma et la télévision, entant que correctifs des stéréotypes existants, peuvent refléter les circonstances politiques, culturelles et sociales qui changent sans cesse, et comment (et si) cette image de l’autre correspond obligatoirement au récit de l’exceptionnalisme et de la blancheur de la région nordique.
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