Serious games: Theory in anthropology since the 1980s
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v10i1.1Mots-clés :
théories anthropologiques, tournant ontologique, relativisme, particularisme, théories ethnologiques, histoire de l’anthropologiqueRésumé
L’objet de l’analyse critique dans ce texte est le développement des théories anthropologiques contemporaines dans le monde, principalement après l’ouvrage décisif publié par Ortner (1984) et le livre issu du séminaire Writing Culture (Clifford and Marcus 1986). Prenant comme point de départ la théorie de la pratique de Sherry Ortner, l’auteur donne les principaux éléments pour la compréhension et l’interprétation de plusieurs courants théoriques qui ont exercé une influence décisive sur le développement de l’anthropologie dans les quelques dernières décennies, avec un accent particulier sur l’utilisation du concept de culture. La période d’après les années 1980 est la période d’une visibilité bien plus grande des autres traditions anthropologiques, en dehors des « centres » traditionnels. Une part de ces traditions, ensemble avec certaines modifications néo-marxistes, ainsi qu’avec des interventions des représentants de la « déconstruction » (en France principalement) ont additionnellement influencé des réexamens dans l’anthropologie contemporaine, qui culminent dans ce que d’aucuns appellent le « tournant ontologique » - et que ses représentants comprennent comme une continuation de la théorie de la pratique. L’auteur rend compte de certaines implications de ce « tournant », ainsi que du fait que l’anthropologie ainsi comprise se rapproche dangereusement du domaine de la pseudoscience.
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