Datovanje i kulturni procesi: interpretativni potencijal i naučnost
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v18i3.1Ključne reči:
apsolutno datovanje, relativno datovanje, tipologija, kulturni procesi, interpretacijaApstrakt
Od početaka arheologije kao discipline, kontrolisanje vremena, odno- sno smeštanje pojedinih pojava u neki vremenski okvir predstavljalo je osnovu svakog istraživanja. Uprkos kritikama koncepta vremena u arheologiji kao ograničenog i line- arnog, on je i dalje dominantan.Apsolutne metode datovanja, postajući sve preciznije i dostupnije, široko se primenjuju, pa gotovo da nema rada u kome se, bez obzira na temu, naširoko ne predstavljaju rezultati datovanja mnogobrojnih setova uzoraka. Isto- vremeno, metode relativnog datovanja ne gube na značaju, pa razmatranja tipologije i dalje predstavljaju osnovni metodološki postupak kojim se arheološki nalazi kulturno i vremenski opredeljuju. S drugestrane, međutim, usložnjavaju se naučna pitanja o proš- losti. Mnogobrojni procesi (koji mogu biti dugotrajni ili, pak, relativno kratke epizode)neraskidivo su povezani s datovanjem, ali nije uvek jasno kako ono doprinosi njihovom potpunom razumevanju. Tu se posebno ističu procesi tehnološke inovacije i procesi kulturne transmisije, koji, osim vremenski, mogu biti i prostorno ograničeni. Zato je po- trebno preispitati gotovo opšteprihvaćeno stanovište po kome metode datovanja imaju interpretativni potencijal, i s tim u vezi – da li su uvek ključne za razumevanje meha- nizama kulturnih procesa. Drugim rečima, da li rezultati datovanja predstavljaju privid naučnosti kao zamene za slabosti u interpretaciji.
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