Comment se fait-il que nous ayons depuis toujours été posthumains?
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v18i2.1Mots-clés :
humanisme, transhumanisme, posthumanisme critique, déracinement, transcedance, humanisme critiqueRésumé
L'article problématise le bien-fondé des révisions « postistes » de l'humanisme. Dans la première partie de ce travail est exposée cette ligne de pensée qui conçoit l'homme comme chroniquement incomplet dans sa propre « nature » ou « essence » et qui de ce déracinement construit son statut privilégié. La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée au rapport du transhumanisme et du posthumanisme critique envers l'humanisme. Il est démontré que le transhumanisme continue et/ou radicalise harmonieusement le projet humaniste de l'homme autocréateur et autotranscendant, alors que le transhumanisme critique préfère opter pour le réexamen et la redescription de l'homme étant donné ce qu'il considère comme les conséquences néfastes de l'humanisme. La partie conclusive de l'article détecte un certain arbitraire dans la compréhension de l'humanisme de la part de ses critiques, rappelle qu'à l'intérieur de l'humanisme s'étaient aussi développés des éléments critiques qui faisaient partie de son propre contenu et de son correctif, enfin que les annonces des séparations et ruptures radicales avec la tradition humaniste sont peut-être superflues. Il est suggéré qu'une analyse synoptique des repères humanistes et de leurs condamnations posthumanistes, prendrait en compte et le patrimoine de la pensée humaniste et l'obligation de son réexamen critique.
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