« Alien » et narration dans l’anthropocène: évolutionnisme, créationnisme et pseudo-archéologie dans la science-fiction
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i3.3Mots-clés :
Alien, science-fiction, anthropocène, narration, évolutionnisme, créationnisme, pseudo-archéologieRésumé
Ce travail analyse le changement du métarécit dans la franchise Alien (1979) lancé par le réalisateur Ridley Scott dans le film homonyme et suivie de la série de trois films réalisés par James Cameron (1986), David Fincher (1992) et Jean-Pierre Jeunet (1997). La franchise a été relancée en 2012 par le film Prometheus réalisé par Ridley Scott. L’intrigue des quatre premiers films est située à la fin de l’anthropocène et traite de l’horreur de la vie extraterrestre offrant l’approche évolutionniste au développement de la race humaine. Dans le monde où la planète Terre est « un trou de merde », comme le prétend un des protagonistes de la troisième suite du film Alien, les humains terraforment les autres corps célestes et colonisent l’univers. Pourtant, le renouveau de la franchise par le film Prometheus apporte le changement du métarécit qui passe de l’évolutionnisme au créationnisme et à la pseudo-archéologie aux motifs bibliques. Les humains cessent d’être les actants primaires et leur création et leur destruction sont attribuées aux ingénieurs extraterrestres. Ayant en vue l’idée proposée par Donna Haraway que la narration est essentielle pour la survie de la planète Terre, ce travail démontre le danger de la popularisation du créationnisme et de la pseudo-archéologie dans les récits de science-fiction, observée aussi dans les travaux récents de Ridley Scott (Raised by Wolves, 2020). Les humains ne sont pas les objets et ne peuvent pas être mis au même rang ontologique que les androïdes. La responsabilité pour la vie sur la planète Terre et dans l’univers, faute de preuve du contraire, reste collectivement entre les mains des humains et non pas entre celles des Autres extraterrestres. Le travail propose comme solution le changement du récit dans la science-fiction conformément aux connaissances contemporaines anthropologiques et archéologiques sur l’anthropocène et ses conséquences. La narration insistant sur la culpabilité collective mais aussi individuelle (individus; corporations) et sur la responsabilité pour le développement et pour les conséquences de l’anthropocène c’est la narration pour la survie de la planète Terre.
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Filmography
Alien, 1979. Directed by Ridley Scott. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox & Brandywine productions. 1999. DVD
Aliens, 1986. Directed by James Cameron. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox, Brandywine productions & Pi-newood studios. 1999. DVD
Alien 3, 1992. Directed by David Fincher. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox & Brandywine productions. 2003. DVD
Babe, 1995. Directed by Chris Noonan. Sydney: Kennedy Miller productions and Universal pictures. 1997. DVD
Alien: Resurrection, 1997. Directed by Jean – Pierre Jeunet. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox & Brandywine productions. 2000. DVD
Babe: Pig in the City, 1998. Directed by George Miller. Sydney: Kennedy Miller productions. 1999. DVD
Prometheus, 2012. Directed by Ridley Scott. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox, Dune Entertainment, Scot Free Productions and Brandywine. 2012. DVD
Mad Max: Fury Road, 2015. Directed by George Miller. Los Angeles: Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictu-res, Kennedy Miller Mitchell production & RatPac – Dune Entertainment. 2015. DVD
Alien: Covenant, 2017. Directed by Ridley Scott. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox, TSG Entertainment, Scott Free Productions & Brandywine. 2017. DVD
Raised by Wolves, 2020. Season 1, Episodes 1–10. September 3rd, HBO Max. Directed by Ridley Scott, Luke Scott, Sergio Mimica-Gezzan, Alex Gabassi and James Hawes, written by Aaron Guzikowski, Heather Bellson, Don Joh, Karen Campbell and Sinead Daly.
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(c) Tous droits réservés Uroš Matić, Sonja Žakula 2021
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.
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