„Osmi putnik“ i pripovedanje u antropocenu: evolucionizam, kreacionizam i pseudoarheologija u naučnoj fantastici

Autori

  • Uroš Matić Austrijski arheološki institut, Austrijska Akademija nauka
  • Sonja Žakula Etnografski institut SANU, Beograd

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i3.3

Ključne reči:

Osmi putnik, naučna fantastika, antropocen, evolucionizam, kreacionizam, pseudoarheologija

Apstrakt

U radu je analizirana promena metanarativa u franšizi Osmi putnik (1979) koju je istoimenim filmom pokrenuo režiser Ridli Skot, a koja je nastavljena nizom od tri nastavka u režijama Džejmsa Kamerona (1986), Dejvida Finčera (1992) i Žan-Pjera Ženea (1997). Franšiza je oživljena 2012. filmom Prometej u režiji Ridlija Skota. Radnja prva četiri filma smeštena je na kraj antropocena i bavi se užasom vanzemaljskog života, nudeći evolucionistički pristup razvoju ljudske vrste. U svetu u kom je planeta Zemlja „usrana rupa“, kako tvrdi jedan od protagonista trećeg nastavka filma Osmi putnik, ljudi teraformiraju druga nebeska tela i kolonizuju svemir. Međutim, obnovom franšize filmom Prometej došlo je do promene metanarativa sa evolucionizma na kreacionizam i pseudoarheologiju sa biblijskim motivima. Ljudi prestaju da budu primarni aktanti i njihovo stvaranje i uništenje pripisuje se vanzemaljskim inženjerima. Imajući u vidu ideju koju je predložila Dona Haravej, da je pripovedanje ključno za opstanak planete Zemlje, ovaj rad ukazuje na opasnost popularizacije kreacionizma i pseudoarheologije u naučnofantastičnim narativima, koju vidimo i u novijim radovima Ridlija Skota (Vučje vaspitanje, 2020). Ljudi nisu stvari i ne mogu se staviti u istu ontološku ravan sa androidima. Odgovornost za život na planeti Zemlji i u svemiru, u nedostatku dokaza za suprotno, ostaje kolektivno u rukama ljudi, a ne vanzemaljskih Drugih. Kao rešenje, rad predlaže promenu narativa u naučnoj fantastici u skladu sa savremenim antropološkim i arheološkim znanjima o antropocenu i njegovim posledicama. Pripovedanje koje insistira na kolektivnoj ali i pojedinačnoj krivici (pojedinci; korporacije) i odgovornosti za razvoj i posledice antropocena je pripovedanje za opstanak planete Zemlje.

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Filmography

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Alien 3, 1992. Directed by David Fincher. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox & Brandywine productions. 2003. DVD

Babe, 1995. Directed by Chris Noonan. Sydney: Kennedy Miller productions and Universal pictures. 1997. DVD

Alien: Resurrection, 1997. Directed by Jean – Pierre Jeunet. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox & Brandywine productions. 2000. DVD

Babe: Pig in the City, 1998. Directed by George Miller. Sydney: Kennedy Miller productions. 1999. DVD

Prometheus, 2012. Directed by Ridley Scott. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox, Dune Entertainment, Scot Free Productions and Brandywine. 2012. DVD

Mad Max: Fury Road, 2015. Directed by George Miller. Los Angeles: Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictu-res, Kennedy Miller Mitchell production & RatPac – Dune Entertainment. 2015. DVD

Alien: Covenant, 2017. Directed by Ridley Scott. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox, TSG Entertainment, Scott Free Productions & Brandywine. 2017. DVD

Raised by Wolves, 2020. Season 1, Episodes 1–10. September 3rd, HBO Max. Directed by Ridley Scott, Luke Scott, Sergio Mimica-Gezzan, Alex Gabassi and James Hawes, written by Aaron Guzikowski, Heather Bellson, Don Joh, Karen Campbell and Sinead Daly.

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2021-11-16

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