Formes de manifestation du cannibalisme
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v13i1.9Mots-clés :
typologie, endocannibalisme, exocannibalisme, alimentaire, guerrier, rituel cannibalismeRésumé
Dans cet article est présentée la typologie du cannibalisme et de ses formes de manifestations. D’abord ont été présentés l’endocannibalisme et l’exocannibalisme, en tant que deux formes les plus répandues sous lesquelles peuvent être rangés tous les autres types de formes. En tant que formes particulières de manifestation, qui incluent la dimension rituelle, ont été distingués le cannibalisme funéraire et le cannibalisme médiéval dans le cadre du rituel de l’eucharistie. Ensuite, les caractéristiques du cannibalisme guerrier ont été présentées, celui-ci se déroulant entre des tribus mais aussi comme une réponse à la colonisation européenne et à des conquêtes, sous la forme des mouvements anticolonialistes. Est particulièrement décrite la pratique cannibale médicale et pharmaceutique, apparue dans l’Europe médiévale, et qui se fondait sur les croyances dans l’effet médicinal du sang et des parties du corps humains. Dans le cadre de cette pratique s’est distinguée la tradition de thérapie par les momies et elle est devenue très populaire en Europe médiévale.
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