Archéologie de la religion, comment est-elle possible?

Auteurs

  • Zorica Kuzmanović Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i3.1

Mots-clés :

préhistoire, religion, rituel, rite funéraire, holisme, pratique

Résumé

Ce texte traite des problèmes épistémologiques et des dilemmes liés à l’essai d’étudier archéologiquement la vie religieuse en préhistoire. De toute une série de difficultés, tant théoriques que pratiques, dérangeant les efforts de fonder la discussion sur la religion dans le passé sur les restes archéologiques, cette fois-ci on choisit d’observer le problème général : archéologie de la religion, est-elle possible et si oui comment ? Le dilemme mentionné était la cause d’une série de discussions soulevées pendant les dernières décennies du 20e siècle principalement dans la communauté archéologique anglophone. Dans la tradition de l’archéologie nationale de la période yougoslave et post-yougoslave, le dilemme concernant cette question n’existait pratiquement pas et la vie religieuse des habitants préhistoriques de cette région n’était pas non plus le sujet d’un intérêt particulier. Par conséquent, l’objectif de ce travail est d’inciter à l’observation des possibilités et d’impossibilités de la compréhension de la vie religieuse en préhistoire et cela en se référant aux discussions menées ces dernières décennies dans la communauté archéologique plus vaste. Deux questions ont été étudiées dans ce but. Par la première question on se demande comment on conceptualise et définit la religion quand il s’agit du contexte préhistorique tandis que la deuxième question interroge sur la possibilité de faire les conclusions sur la religion basées sur les restes matériels si on interprète la religion dans un sens général comme croyance en principes surnaturels et immatériels.

La conclusion finale du travail suggère que l’approche holistique, imposant que l’observation des phénomènes religieux soit structuralement liée à tous les autres aspects de la vie sociale, a un sens si on la comprend comme une demande d’examiner le plus grand nombre possible de corrélations entre la religion et les autres phénomènes sociaux, mais qu’il est inacceptable de supprimer ainsi la pertinence heuristique et analytique du concept de la religion. De plus, on souligne l’importance des recherches des rituels religieux, à savoir du comportement religieux et des pratiques religieuses qui sont, à la différence des principes, croyances et dogmes religieux, accessibles en quelque sorte dans les restes archéologiques. L’orientation de l’approche archéologique vers le domaine de pratiques rituelles comprend l’effort de saisir quel est l’objectif des rituels et ce qu’on atteint avec eux, c’est-à-dire de reconsidérer, suivant l’approche holistique proposée, le réseau structurel et les liens du comportement rituel avec tous les autres aspects de la vie sociale.

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Publiée

2020-09-29

Comment citer

Kuzmanović, Zorica. 2020. « Archéologie De La Religion, Comment Est-Elle Possible? ». Problèmes d’ethnologie Et d’anthropologie 15 (3):643–661. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i3.1.

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