Banatski predeo kao liminalan i postantropocentričan prostor u romanu Banatsko spisateljice Ester Kinski
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v20i2.11Ključne reči:
Banat, ekokritika, Ester Kinski, proučavanje granica, savremena nemačka književnostApstrakt
U radu se razmatra prikaz granica i predela severnog Banata između tri zemlje – Rumunije, Srbije i Mađarske – u romanu Banatsko nemačke spisateljice Ester Kinski. Cilj je da se na osnovu teorijskog okvira iz oblasti proučavanja granica i ekokritike prouče karakteristike liminalnosti i postantropocentričnosti opisanog prostora, razotkrivajući isprepletanost humanog i ahumanog. Kinski se udaljava ciljano od termina Landschaft (krajolik) i u svojoj poetici se zalaže za upotrebu termina Gelände (predeo ili teren) jer smatra da je neutralan i jer ne želi da se u književnim tekstovima fokusira na idealizovani prostor netaknute prirode, već na okruženje koje percipira kao slojevito, poremećeno i oblikovano tragovima ljudskog i neljudskog prisustva. Kroz opise marginalnih nastanjenih mesta pokraj granice, napuštenih i odbačenih prostora i otpada vrši se rekonfiguracija tradicionalnih binarnih opozicija poput prirode i kulture, centra i periferije, ovde i tamo, te čak i sebe i Drugog, dok se granice ne predstavljaju kao statične linije, već performativni procesi, odnosno kao fluidne, višeznačne, a neretko i neprimetne u fizičkom svetu, iako su duboko ukorenjene u jeziku, sećanjima i percepciji. Decentriranjem ljudskog i naglašavajući vitalnost sveta koji obuhvata kako čoveka, tako i biljke, životinje, vremenske prilike i druge pojave u prirodi, do izražaja dolazi postantropocentričnost prostora. Naratorka obraća pažnju na lokalne aspekte koji nisu isključivo vezani za kulturu, istoriju ili politiku, već doprinose razmišljanju o tome kako se doživljava i književno-kulturološki konstruiše prirodni svet pograničnog predela. Zaključuje se da je Banatsko meditacija na temu nestabilnosti granica i međusobne povezanosti ljudskih i neljudskih elemenata, te da ovakav pristup koji je utemeljen u interdisciplinarnom, ekokritičkom proučavanju granica omogućuje usredsređivanje na aspekte prostora na periferijama koji prevazilaze hijerarhijske podele i dualizme, te i njihovo tumačenje kao liminalnih, odnosno hibridnih zona.
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