Uloga homerske epike u arheološkom istraživanju
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v13i3.8Ključne reči:
Homer, mlađe bronzano doba, gvozdeno doba, arhajsko doba, pismeno vs. usmeno društvo, herojsko doba, društveno sećanjeApstrakt
Istraživanje pretpostavljene istorijske svedočanstvenosti Homerovih epova, Ilijade i Odiseje, bilo je, tokom većeg dela istorije klasične discipline, zasnivano na potrebi da sadržaj epova, ili bar neki njegovi delovi, budu empirijski potvrđeni kao istorijski realitet, a arheološka istraživanja su viđena kao način da se, na osnovu materijalnih dokaza, dođe do takve potvrde. Okolnosti i istraživački trendovi koji su uticali da ovakav pristup Homeru kao istorijskom izvoru, postane dominantan, pojašnjeni su u prvom delu rada.
Osim arheologije, istaknutu ulogu u artikulisanju pomenutog problema imao je antropološki pristup Milamana Parija (Milman Parry) i njegovih nastavljača koji su utvrdili usmeni karakter Homerovog epskog jezika. I mada je ovo konkretno otkrićedo danas ostalo ključno za razumevanje Homera kao istorijskog izvora, ipak, drugi važni zaključci do kojih se došlo u antropološkom istraživanju Homerove i druge usmene tradicije, nisu, još uvek u punoj meri, sagledani i iskorišćeni iz perspektive arheološkog istraživanja. S tim u vezi, u drugom delu rada biće izložen predlog da se istorijska svedočanstvenost Homerovog dela sagleda iz jedne opšte, antropološke perspektive, kako bi se tim putem artikulisale i druge, alternativne vizure za korišćenje Homera u arheološkom istraživanju. Konkretnije, Homer će biti predstavljen kao istorijski izvor za razumevanje kulturne promene koja bi mogla stajati iza činjenice da je relativno dug kontinuitet usmenog predanja i pevanja herojskih epova ušao u novo poglavlje svoje istorije u toku arhajskog doba kada su epovi, zahvaljujući širenju tehnologije pisma, po prvi put zapisani i time, na neki način, prevedeni iz usmenog u pisani medij komunikacije.
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