Upravljanje nasleđem na lokalnom nivou: baštinske zajednice i uloga lokalne uprave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i3.8Ključne reči:
upravljanje nasleđem, baštinske zajednice, participacija, lokalna upravaApstrakt
Početna tačka ovog teksta je da je terminologija kojom se označavaju grupe ljudi koje neguju određeno nasleđe u ključnim tekstovima u ovoj oblasti veoma nekonzistentna. Ovde je analizirana serija povelja i drugih dokumenata ICOMOS-a u kojima je termin „zajednica“ upotrebljen sa različitim kvalifikatorima. Okvirna konvencija Saveta Evrope o vrednosti kulturnog nasleđa za društvo definiše naziv „kulturna zajednica“ koji pokriva sva prethodna različita značenja. Definicija dodaje značajnu razliku u odnosu na prethodne, utoliko što se navodi da je osnovna uloga kulturne zajednice da čuva i prenosi nasleđe na sledeće generacije u okviru javne akcije. Ako određena grupa ljudi želi da ispuni ovu ulogu, ona može u potpunosti da učestvuje u upravljanju nasleđem.
Participativno upravljanje nasleđem uvek se odvija na teritoriji na kojoj je locirano samo nasleđe. Dakle, od ključnog značaja je teritorijalna dimenzija samog nasleđa i znanja s njim u vezi koje zajednica prenosi. Kratka tekstualna analiza serije UNESCO-vih operativnih smernica usvojenih 1976. godine ukazuje na evoluciju koncepta participativnog upravljanja nasleđem. Od 2005. godine svi nivoi državne uprave ohrabruju se da obezbede učešće različitih interesnih grupa u identifikaciji, nominaciji i zaštiti nasleđa.
Što se tiče lokalnih uprava, predlaže se da participacija baštinskih zajednica na lokalnom nivu predstavlja suštinu demokratskog procesa donošenja odluka. Kako bi se ilustrovala uloga lokalne uprave u omogućavanju i aktivnom podsticanju direktne participacije baštinskih zajednica u javnim poslovima, razrađeni su sledeći principi dobrog upravljanja na lokalnom nivou, definisani Evropskom poveljom o lokalnoj samoupravi: ravnopravna participacija, etičko ponašanje, inovacija i otvorenost za promene, održivost i orijenacija na dugoročne projekte, kao i kulturni diverzitet i društvena kohezija. Smisao ovih principa jeste u tome da njihova primena ojačava demokratski legitimitet lokalne uprave i, u isto vreme, stvara savezničke veze sa baštinskim zajednicama, sa kojima zajedno radi u javnom interesu.
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