Théorie et histoire de « gouvernementalité » et des régimes de gouvernementalité dans l’œuvre de Michel Foucault
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/v19i3.9Mots-clés :
gouvernementalité, Michel Foucault, dispositif, subjectivité, raison d’état, libéralisme, néolibéralismeRésumé
Cet article est consacré à la reconstruction et à la systématisation de l’appareil théorique utilisé par Michel Foucault dans l’étude du phénomène du gouvernement, ainsi que de ses recherches sur les régimes de gouvernementalité concrets ayant existé dans l’histoire de la modernité occidentale. L’objectif de l’article est de contribuer à la résolution de la confusion conceptuelle qui accompagne les études de gouvernementalité depuis leur émergence au début des années 1990 et de faciliter ainsi le développement et l’application de cette perspective dans les recherches futures. L’article commence par situer la recherche de Foucault sur le gouvernement dans le contexte plus large de sa carrière et indiquer les facteurs socio-politiques sous l’influence desquels Foucault a changé l’orientation de son travail académique dans cette direction. Ensuite nous passerons à une présentation systématique de l’appareil théorique utilisé par Foucault dans l’étude du gouvernement ainsi qu’à la reconstruction des trois régimes de gouvernementalité qu’il identifie en recherchant le développement du gouvernement en Occident. Dans la conclusion nous nous pencherons sur les avantages que la perspective des études de gouvernementalité offre dans la recherche du monde social.
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