Studije tehnologije i studije materijalne kulture: mogućnosti bliže saradnje na primeru koštanih artefakata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.V12I3.2Ključne reči:
koštane sirovine, koštana industrija, studije tehnologije, studije materijalne kultureApstrakt
Artefakti od koštanih sirovina spadaju u slabije proučene pokretne nalaze, posebno kada se radi o određenim periodima i regionima. Uzroci koji do ovakvog stanja dovode nisu jednoobrazni. Najočigledniji i najopštiji svakako leže u istraživačkim praksama kulturnoistorijske arheologije koja je faunalne nalaza najčešće zanemarivala, smatrajući ove predmete nedovoljno atraktivnim, kao i nedovoljno informativno vrednim. Najveći iskorak u evropskoj praistorijskoj arheologiji u pravcu sagledavanja čitavog niza potencijalnih informacija koje korišćenje predmeta od životinjskih skeletnih elemenata pruža, ostvaren je u okviru studija praistorijske tehnologije tokom druge polovine 20. veka, posebno u okvirima francuske arheološke škole. Nastankom ove istraživačke strategije otvoren je čitav niz pitanja vezanih za pribavljanje sirovina, načine izrade i upotrebu predmeta, čija potencijalna interpretativna vrednost na taj način dobija na značaju, što je dovelo do toga da se faunalnim ostacima posvećuje veća pažnje tokom arheoloških istraživanja. Ipak, ovaj potencijalni izvor informacija o često veoma konkretnim detaljima odnosa ljudi i materijalne kulture koje tehnološka istraživanja pružaju nije dovoljno iskorišćen. Čini se da uzroci leže u uskoj specijalizaciji istraživača i nedovoljnoj uključenosti dobijenih informacija u šire okvire interpretiranja određenih perioda, različitim tradicijama i odsustvu saradnje nacionalnih arheoloških „škola“, jezičkim barijerama i sl. Ipak, najznačajniji razlog ovakvoj situaciji može da se pronađe u neusklađenim teorijskim perspektivama i nedostatku jasno artikulisane interpretativne pozicije istraživača koji pokušavaju da primene saznanja stečena kroz studije tehnologije, tretirajući ovu strategiju kao „objektivan“ „naučni metod“ koji će, sam od sebe, pružiti konkretne odgovore koji će se jasno uklopiti u očekivanja dominantne arheološke paradigme.
U ovom radu, autori će kroz kritički pregled različitih primena studija tehnologije u arheologiji ponuditi moguće pravce bližeg uključivanja ovog pristupa u savremene teorijske tokove. Kao najočigledniji put nameće se jedna druga istraživačka strategija – studije materijalne kulture. Tako rad za cilj ima da pokuša da konkretnije uveže ove dve strategije istraživanja čije teorijske osnove danas nisu jednoobrazne ali istorijat ideja i način artikulisanja osnovnih teorijskih postavki pokazuju slične teorijske korene.
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