Vraćeni identitet: kontekst forenzičke rekonstrukcije Nesminovog lica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v6i3.10Ključne reči:
Nesmin, Beogradska mumija, 3D rekonstrukcija lica, Akhmim, identitet, ljudski ostaciApstrakt
Ljudski ostaci otkriveni arheološkim istraživanjima imaju širok hronološki i kulturni raspon, od epipaleolitskih skeleta i egipatskih mumija, preko tela iz močvara gvozdenog doba, do srednjovekovnih sahrana i ostataka starosedelaca Severne Amerike. Sem retkih izuzetaka, stotine hiljada ovih počivših ljudskih bića lišeno je identiteta, ne samo na individualnom, već često i na etničkom nivou. Neretko kontroverzna problematika tretmana ovih ostataka, prešla je dug put od depersonalizacije i deskralizacije XVIII veka, do savremenih shvatanja o njihovom moralnom statusu i viđenja po kome to nisu samo anonimni uzorci prikupljeni u svrhe medicinskih, statističkih i drugih proučavanja, već zemni ostaci nekada živih ljudskih bića, koja činom smrti ne gube pravo na lični integritet, ljudsko dostojanstvo i kulturni identitet. Izučavanje ljudskih ostataka, nesumnjivo neophodno i izuzetno važno, stoga treba vršiti uz uvažavanje i ovih činjenica, u skladu sa savremenim etičkim normama. U kontekstu staroegipatske civilizacije, ali i mnogih drugih kultura, od posebnog je značaja utvrđivanje što više elementa identiteta, kako bi se mogla formirati odgovarajuća analitička datoteka koja bi kroz komparaciju i interakciju mnoštva individualnih podataka doprinela boljem razumevanju prošlosti i potpunijoj rekonstrukciji socijalnog tkiva. Studija slučaja Beogradske mumije, staroegipatskog sveštenika Nesmina, datovane oko početka III veka pre naše ere, pokazuje tok utvrđivanja elemenata identiteta, od konstatovanja fizičkog statusa pokojnika, kulturnih i hronoloških markera, preko DNK analize, utvrđivanja mesta porekla, imena, zanimanja i korigovane genealogije, zaključno sa 3D forenzičkom rekonstrukcijom lica (sl. 1-2). Neinvazivni metod digitalne rekonstrukcije podrazumeva prethodno CT skeniranje glave, generisanje 3D modela lobanje, i aplikovanje filtera koji odstranjuju meka tkiva, platnene ovoje i smolaste materije korišćene u procesu mumifikacije. Sledi sinhrona primena više različitih softvera za rekonstrukciju lica, usklađenih sa prethodno utvrđenim polom i životnim dobom, ali i sačuvanim likovnim delima epohe kada su u pitanju boja kože i očiju. Dobijeni rezultat je rekonstrukcija, ili radije otkrivanje, lica Nesmina, finalnog vizuelnog elementa njegovog povraćenog identiteta.
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