Le postulat de Boas sur l’origine guerrière des sociétés secrètes et les mythes sur le « héros cultivé » et le « tricheur » en Amérique du Nord
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i1.1Mots-clés :
Franz Boas, Indiens nord-américains , société secrète, guerreRésumé
Dans cet article les auteurs partent de l’hypothèse que Franz Boas a créé une théorie cohérente des sociétés secrètes qu’il n’a jamais développée de manière systématique, mais qui peut être reconstruite à partir de quelques-uns de ses travaux. Les auteurs ne traitent pas toute la théorie, mais uniquement le postulat sur l’origine guerrière des sociétés secrètes (devenu plus tard le fondement de la théorie de Männerbund). Boas considérait que les sociétés secrètes des Indiens nord-américains avaient originellement été guerrières, mais qu’au début du 20e siècle elles n’avaient conservé que des fonctions d’initiation et d’éducation ou bien s’étaient transformées en des sociétés thérapeutiques et de danse. Bien qu’il affirmât que la mythologie des Indiens ne permettait pas d’obtenir des éclaircissements supplémentaires quant à l’origine des sociétés secrètes, son traitement même du mythe sur le « héros cultivé » et le « tricheur » disait le contraire. Les auteurs de ce texte tentent d’aller un pas plus loin et d’apporter de nouvelles contributions pour l’étude de l’origine guerrière des sociétés secrètes en Amérique du Nord à travers le mythe du Loup comme frère (père) du « héros cultivé ».
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